AUTHOR=de Azevedo Orleâncio G. R. , Shin Jae H. , Freire Rosemayre S. , Ciurleo Gabriella C. V. , Brito Gerly A. C. , Vitek Michael P. , Guerrant Richard L. , Oriá Reinaldo B. , Warren Cirle A. 

TITLE=ApoE COG 133 mimetic peptide improves survival, infection burden, and Clostridioides difficile toxin-A-induced intestinal damage in mice

JOURNAL=Experimental Biology and Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 250 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.ebm-journal.org/journals/experimental-biology-and-medicine/articles/10.3389/ebm.2025.10638

DOI=10.3389/ebm.2025.10638

ISSN=1535-3699

ABSTRACT=Apolipoprotein E (ApoE = protein; APOE = gene), a lipid carrier that modulates inflammatory responses, may influence Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) outcomes. We explored the role of the APOE gene using apoE-deficient mice challenged by C. difficile toxin A (TcdA)-induced enteritis, and the potential use of the ApoE mimetic peptide in repairing the intestinal damage induced by TcdA. 4-cm ileal loops from C57BL/6 wild-type and APOE knockout (−/−) were ligated and injected with either PBS or TcdA (50 µg). After 4 h of incubation, the intestinal loops were harvested for measurement of length, weight, volume of secretion, and histopathology scores. In mouse ileal loops, TcdA induced a significant increase in weight/ileal loop length in the wild-type mice. When APOE−/− mice were infected with 1 × 104–105 CFUs of C. difficile, they had higher deaths and diarrhea scores compared to wild-type. APOE−/− mice under the toxin A (TcdA) had worse inflammatory changes in the ileal loop. APOE−/− mice treated with COG133 (3 mg/kg) showed fewer deaths, and lower diarrhea scores, but no change in C. difficile shedding. This suggests a potential anti-inflammatory role of COG133 in CDI. More studies are neede to these intial findings in depth.