AUTHOR=Wang Nan , Luo Lin , Yang Xiaolan 
  
TITLE=The gut-eye axis in age-related macular degeneration: from microbial dysbiosis to targeted intervention strategies
  
JOURNAL=Experimental Biology and Medicine
  
VOLUME=Volume 251 - 2026
  
YEAR=2026
  
URL=https://www.ebm-journal.org/journals/experimental-biology-and-medicine/articles/10.3389/ebm.2026.10876
  
DOI=10.3389/ebm.2026.10876
  
ISSN=1535-3699
  
ABSTRACT=Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a leading cause of irreversible blindness among the older persons. Characterized by a complex pathogenesis and multiple risk factors, AMD poses substantial challenges for treatment and has emerged as a significant public health concern. The gut microbiota constitutes a vast and dynamically evolving ecosystem, with a healthy microbial community playing an essential role in maintaining host homeostasis through its involvement in digestion and immune defense. However, alterations in microbial composition or function can compromise intestinal barrier integrity, trigger systemic inflammation, and contribute to disease pathogenesis. Evidence now underscores the influence of gut microbiota on the development and progression of AMD. This review examines the mechanisms by which gut microbes may contribute to AMD pathogenesis and evaluates the therapeutic potential of interventions targeting the gut microbiome—including dietary modifications, Pharmacological and Biological Agents, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation—for AMD management.