AUTHOR=Hogben Elizabeth , Schurich Anna , Graham Charlotte 
  
TITLE=CAR T cell engineering approaches to minimise toxicities
  
JOURNAL=Experimental Biology and Medicine
  
VOLUME=Volume 251 - 2026
  
YEAR=2026
  
URL=https://www.ebm-journal.org/journals/experimental-biology-and-medicine/articles/10.3389/ebm.2026.11021
  
DOI=10.3389/ebm.2026.11021
  
ISSN=1535-3699
  
ABSTRACT=For the treatment of many forms of cancer, cell- and gene-based therapies are showing promise in both pre-clinical data and clinical trials. In particular, CAR T cell therapies, of which there are now 7 FDA-approved products, have shown ground-breaking results in haematological cancers such as multiple myeloma and B cell malignancies. Recent research is also attempting to develop effective CAR T cell therapies for solid tumours, with varying success. One of the key challenges faced by CAR T cell therapy is balancing strong cytotoxic activity for an effective treatment with preventing severe and potentially lethal toxicities, such as Cytokine Release Syndrome and Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome. This mini review discusses some of the potential solutions that scientists have devised to overcome toxicities and improve existing CAR T cell therapies.